hell fire
As the songwriter once asked,
Is there indeed a place where eternal flames await their victims, or is there just endless sleep after death? Are we all to be resurrected to something, and if so to what? These are questions each of us have no doubt pondered from time to time, but as there are no trustworthy witnesses who have returned to us from that distant shore, how are we to know? Perhaps scripture can shed some light on this most important subject.
Church Tradition has painted (literally) a ghastly scene of hell, complete with a fierce and ruthless devil humoring himself with the endless tortures of his helpless subjects. These pitiful souls have been banished to this everlasting dungeon of horrors, some for rejecting the Church's gospel, but the vast majority are imprisoned there simply for not ever hearing it.
And yet the Bible paints for us an entirely different picture. There we find a GOD who's very essence is love and compassion. Yeshua (Jesus) taught that His Father is long suffering, merciful and forgiving, a Father who concerns Himself with the well being even of little sparrows. James testified that the LORD is very pitiful, and of tender mercy (JAMES 5:11), a far cry from the monstrous avenger whom Church Tradition has portrayed as casting billions of people into the fires of an eternal hell.
According to Church Tradition, hell is not simply for those evil wicked men who were responsible for the torture and anguish of GOD's Son, but more so it is the eternal destiny for any and all who believe not the gospel. This fiery place of torment has a space reserved for those in distant lands and previous ages who never had the opportunity to hear of Yeshua or His message; even little children and infants. It is a mad, totally insane notion to suggest such lunacy. And yet, this is what some professing Christians do in fact believe. This is their hope. Here, in this wicked lie is where many seem to find their solace.
One of the most familiar verses in the Bible tells us that GOD so loved the world that HE gave His Son that whosoever believes in Him should not perish but instead have everlasting life (JOHN 3:16). Evidently then, these are the two ways, the two destinies which are laid out before man. Either he will obtain everlasting life or he will perish (see also LUKE 19:27 ACTS 3:22-23 PHILIPPIANS 3:18-19 2 PETER 2:12). Nothing is said here or elsewhere about being tortured forever in a never ending fire?
So where do these ideas of endless suffering in a fiery hell come from? As is so often the case, many read into scripture what is just not there. They read of an everlasting fire (MATTHEW 18:8; 25:41) and then assume that because the fire is endless, therefore the suffering must be endless also. They further conclude that the fire must be for the purpose of causing pain and suffering, howbeit, the use of fire in the scriptures is commonly used for one of two purposes, either as a purifier (see PSALM 66:10 PROVERBS 17:3 ZECHARIAH 13:9 MALACHI 3:2-3 1 PETER 1:7), or for destruction (see MALACHI 4:1 MATTHEW 3:10-12:13:40-42 LUKE 17:28-29 JOHN 15:6 1 CORINTHIANS 3:13 HEBREWS 12:29 REVELATION 20:9,15; 21:8). Never does GOD sanction its use for either torture or pain.
Often it is used figuratively, as in Peter's epistle.
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As gold is scrutinized with fire so as to determine whether or not it is genuine, so likewise their faith was going to be scrutinized by what they were soon to experience. And for what purpose? That when Christ returned, that they might be found worthy of praise, honor and glory. The trial of their faith had nothing whatever to do with whether or not they were to be cast into a lake of fire.
Un-tethered from Church Traditions, let us consider more minutely these passages which have been used to teach that an eternal dungeon of flames awaits most of humanity. Let us understand them in the context of the rest of scripture, and not fall into the trap of separating them out from the context within which they have been placed.
The context of these passages begin in chapter 21, where Yeshua is riding into Jerusalem as the Prince of peace. Then the next day (see Chronology of the Four Gospels) He cast out of the temple all that sold and bought therein, because they had made that holy sanctuary into a den of thieves (21:12-13). Thereafter He stated that publicans and harlots would enter the kingdom of GOD ahead of the religious leaders (21:31). Then He launched into a series of parables, first of the wicked husbandmen who had hoped to steal the vineyard from its lawful owner, and were thus to be miserably destroyed (21:33-41), and another about a marriage feast where a guest who lacked a wedding garment was to be bound hand and foot and cast into outer darkness, where there was weeping and gnashing of teeth (22:1-13). Shortly thereafter He spoke and taught on the resurrection (22:29-32).
In chapter 23 Yeshua warned the disciples to reject the lavish lifestyle of the religious leaders, then He delivered His eight woes upon these same hypocrites, asking how they expected to escape the damnation (judgment) of hell (23:1-33). Then in the next chapter His disciples asked Him about His return and the end of that age (24:3). He laid out for them in minute detail the coming wars, sorrows and tribulations. He warned them of false prophets (24:11) and of false Christs (24:24). He cautioned them not to lose sight of His return, for He will suddenly and silently come as a thief in the night (24:42-51), even during the lifetime of some of that very generation (24:34).
Then He related for them a parable concerning five virgins who, because they were unprepared for His coming, found themselves shut out of the marriage (25:1-13). Then another parable about three servants who were given talents to steward while the master was away. One of the servants proved himself to be unfaithful, and therefore was cast out into outer darkness, where again there was weeping and gnashing of teeth (25:14-30). And finally, He summed up His teachings by comparing His return to a shepherd who was separating sheep from the goats, the righteous sheep inheriting the kingdom prepared for them, but the goats being delivered unto everlasting fire (25:32-41).
Note that throughout this long discourse, that there is no hint or suggestion that anyone is going to be delivered unto the Devil to be tortured for eternity. That is an assumption which cuts across all of the rest of scripture. That is making GOD into some sort of monster. The only two ways open to mankind are eternal life or eternal destruction, not eternal agony.
The phrase which Yeshua more than once used, about there being weeping and gnashing of teeth for some, refers to certain individuals who upon finding out that they have wasted away their entire life on trivial and foolish pursuits, weep and gnash with their teeth for sorrow and anger. When they awake to the final judgment and realize that all that awaits them is eternal death, some become horrified with sadness, while others become angry at what they consider an unfair sentence.
Yeshua spoke of everlasting fire and everlasting punishment, not of everlasting agony. In the context of all that has gone before, Yeshua told them that some were destined for eternal destruction. He is certainly not referring to sinners, for He has already stated that publicans and harlots will enter the kingdom of GOD ahead of many of the religious leaders.
Those bound for destruction are obviously those religious leaders who had greedily misled and misdirected the people in an attempt to steal the vineyard from its rightful owner. Destruction was also for the guest who failed to put on the wedding garment (righteousness, ISAIAH 61:10). It was reserved for the false prophets and the false Christs. Eternal destruction was for the five virgins who were unprepared when He returned. It was for that wicked and slothful servant who hid his talents in the earth. These are the ones who He had been lambasting time and again during His last and final days in Jerusalem.
There is no suggestion here that GOD desires everlasting pain or misery for any individual. The fires are everlasting not because GOD seeks to inflict upon anyone endless torture, but rather they are endless because they will forever be needed to destroy and consume certain false prophets, teachers and hypocritical religious leaders which arise in coming ages. The reason that this punishment is everlasting, is simply because it is permanent. The righteous enter eternal life while these unrighteous enter eternal death. This eternal death is their eternal punishment.
In John's same vision of this scene of the destruction of Jerusalem and the return of Christ, he sees a number of angels preaching and declaring certain messages from GOD. The second angel announced that Babylon (Jerusalem) had fallen because she made all nations drink of the wine of the wrath of her fornication" (REVELATION 14:8), which no doubt has reference to the idolatrous errors of her religion. Then the third angel announced the following concerning those who worshipped the beast;
Tormented is probably not the best translation here for the Greek word basanizo. The same word is used in Mark's Gospel when the disciples were struggling to control their boat in a fierce storm on the sea of Galilee.
Thayer's Greek English Lexicon defines basanizo as "1. to test (metals) by the touch stone." E.W. Bullinger in his Lexicon defines it as: examination, as by a touchstone; scrutiny, either by words or torture; hence, torture, torment.
Nothing is said here in REVELATION about this torment or examination being endless or in hell, only that the smoke of their torment ascends up forever (14:11). All that is probably meant is that the memory of their torment endures forever, not the torment itself.
Otherwise, a hundred million years later they would still be no closer to the end of their suffering than when they had begun. It is impossible to fathom. And what great evil are we to suppose that these poor wretched souls committed to justify an endless torture? They worshipped the beast (most probably the Emperor) and received his mark upon their forehead or hand.
Concerning the incident where Yeshua taught about the rich man and Lazarus, where the rich man said after death that he was tormented in a flame, see the recent Study, Things Worse Than Death, pages 6-7 where we have touched upon some important features of this parable.
To the surprise of some Christians, the Bible never describes or refers to hell as we commonly think of it. There is no mystical place in the underworld where the devil is torturing men and women with fire and brimstone. In the Jewish scriptures (the Old Testament), the word hell is translated from the Hebrew word sheol. In the King James Version, this sheol is translated 31 times as grave, 31 times as hell and three times as pit. Sheol literally means "realm of the dead" and is more of a state or status than it is a place. The first occurrence is in GENESIS.
Thinking that his son Joseph was dead, Jacob expected to mourn the rest of his life until he too would die and go to sheol, the realm of the dead.
In the King James Version of the Christian scriptures (the New Testament), the word hell is translated 23 times from three different Greek words; hades 10 times, geenna 12 times and tartaroo once. The Greek word hades (like the Hebrew word sheol) also represented this realm of the dead. Gehenna is the Greek form of the Hebrew word that means "the vale of Hinnom" which was a valley just south of Jerusalem.
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The word tartaroo was to the Romans what geenna was to the Jews and reflected a place of judgment. To see all of the occurrences in the Bible for each of these words, go here.
Scripture foretells that Yeshua was going to save His people from their sins (MATTHEW 1:21) and that repentance and remission of sins was to be preached in his name among all nations (LUKE 24:47). John the Baptist announced that Yeshua was to take away the sin of the world (JOHN 1:29). Yeshua Himself declared that it was His ministry to preach deliverance to the captives and set at liberty them that are bruised (LUKE 4:18).
The apostle Paul wrote that Yeshua's righteousness leads to acquittal and life for all men (ROMANS 5:18); that all true believers in Israel shall be saved (ROMANS 11:26) and that it is GOD's will that all men be saved (1 TIMOTHY 2:4). Peter wrote that the LORD is not willing that any should perish (2 PETER 3:9). John wrote that GOD's Son is the propitiation for the sins of the whole world (1 JOHN 2:2). How then can such a GOD as this, establish and preserve a place of endless torment?
And further, concerning the work of HIS Son, how much of it was actually accomplished? He that was sent to save the world from its sins, how many have thus been saved? I would venture to guess, very very few. If therefore, the vast majority of mankind is burning endlessly somewhere in hell, how can Yeshua's life and ministry demonstrate the "manifold wisdom of GOD"? If we measure His success only by what we see here in this current life, He was a miserable failure.
His true victory, His great accomplishment was only to be realized and fully understood within the RESURRECTION. The RESURRECTION is the essence, the heart and soul of His gospel. Apart from the RESURRECTION His teaching makes little sense, but with the RESURRECTION all opens up and unfolds like a beautiful flower.
All is about the RESURRECTION. The RESURRECTION permeates the Christian scriptures. In the RESURRECTION He is the savior of all mankind. Only in the RESURRECTION is He Lord of lords and King of kings. His kingdom is found only in the RESURRECTION. His country, and city, and temple are in the RESURRECTION. Our rewards and inheritance are received in the RESURRECTION.
How are we able to love our enemy, to love those who despise us, apart from realizing that all will be put right in the RESURRECTION? How can we willingly turn the other cheek unless we first understand that GOD is endeavoring to awaken ourselves as well as our offender to the true purpose of life, the RESURRECTION? How easy it is to seek the kingdom of GOD first, once we realize all that awaits us after our RESURRECTION?
What's going on under the ground? Do you know? Don't you wonder? It's the RESURRECTION!
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- What's going on under the ground? Do you know? Don't you wonder?
Is there indeed a place where eternal flames await their victims, or is there just endless sleep after death? Are we all to be resurrected to something, and if so to what? These are questions each of us have no doubt pondered from time to time, but as there are no trustworthy witnesses who have returned to us from that distant shore, how are we to know? Perhaps scripture can shed some light on this most important subject.
Church Tradition has painted (literally) a ghastly scene of hell, complete with a fierce and ruthless devil humoring himself with the endless tortures of his helpless subjects. These pitiful souls have been banished to this everlasting dungeon of horrors, some for rejecting the Church's gospel, but the vast majority are imprisoned there simply for not ever hearing it.
And yet the Bible paints for us an entirely different picture. There we find a GOD who's very essence is love and compassion. Yeshua (Jesus) taught that His Father is long suffering, merciful and forgiving, a Father who concerns Himself with the well being even of little sparrows. James testified that the LORD is very pitiful, and of tender mercy (JAMES 5:11), a far cry from the monstrous avenger whom Church Tradition has portrayed as casting billions of people into the fires of an eternal hell.
According to Church Tradition, hell is not simply for those evil wicked men who were responsible for the torture and anguish of GOD's Son, but more so it is the eternal destiny for any and all who believe not the gospel. This fiery place of torment has a space reserved for those in distant lands and previous ages who never had the opportunity to hear of Yeshua or His message; even little children and infants. It is a mad, totally insane notion to suggest such lunacy. And yet, this is what some professing Christians do in fact believe. This is their hope. Here, in this wicked lie is where many seem to find their solace.
One of the most familiar verses in the Bible tells us that GOD so loved the world that HE gave His Son that whosoever believes in Him should not perish but instead have everlasting life (JOHN 3:16). Evidently then, these are the two ways, the two destinies which are laid out before man. Either he will obtain everlasting life or he will perish (see also LUKE 19:27 ACTS 3:22-23 PHILIPPIANS 3:18-19 2 PETER 2:12). Nothing is said here or elsewhere about being tortured forever in a never ending fire?
So where do these ideas of endless suffering in a fiery hell come from? As is so often the case, many read into scripture what is just not there. They read of an everlasting fire (MATTHEW 18:8; 25:41) and then assume that because the fire is endless, therefore the suffering must be endless also. They further conclude that the fire must be for the purpose of causing pain and suffering, howbeit, the use of fire in the scriptures is commonly used for one of two purposes, either as a purifier (see PSALM 66:10 PROVERBS 17:3 ZECHARIAH 13:9 MALACHI 3:2-3 1 PETER 1:7), or for destruction (see MALACHI 4:1 MATTHEW 3:10-12:13:40-42 LUKE 17:28-29 JOHN 15:6 1 CORINTHIANS 3:13 HEBREWS 12:29 REVELATION 20:9,15; 21:8). Never does GOD sanction its use for either torture or pain.
Often it is used figuratively, as in Peter's epistle.
- 1 PETER 1:7 That the trial of your faith, being much more precious than of gold that perisheth, though it be tried [scrutinized] with fire, might be found unto praise and honour and glory at the appearing of Jesus Christ.
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As gold is scrutinized with fire so as to determine whether or not it is genuine, so likewise their faith was going to be scrutinized by what they were soon to experience. And for what purpose? That when Christ returned, that they might be found worthy of praise, honor and glory. The trial of their faith had nothing whatever to do with whether or not they were to be cast into a lake of fire.
Un-tethered from Church Traditions, let us consider more minutely these passages which have been used to teach that an eternal dungeon of flames awaits most of humanity. Let us understand them in the context of the rest of scripture, and not fall into the trap of separating them out from the context within which they have been placed.
- MATTHEW 25:41 Then shall he say also unto them on the left hand, Depart from me, ye cursed, into everlasting fire, prepared for the devil and his angels...46 And these shall go away into everlasting punishment [kolasis, meaning: correction, punishment, penalty] but the righteous into life eternal.
The context of these passages begin in chapter 21, where Yeshua is riding into Jerusalem as the Prince of peace. Then the next day (see Chronology of the Four Gospels) He cast out of the temple all that sold and bought therein, because they had made that holy sanctuary into a den of thieves (21:12-13). Thereafter He stated that publicans and harlots would enter the kingdom of GOD ahead of the religious leaders (21:31). Then He launched into a series of parables, first of the wicked husbandmen who had hoped to steal the vineyard from its lawful owner, and were thus to be miserably destroyed (21:33-41), and another about a marriage feast where a guest who lacked a wedding garment was to be bound hand and foot and cast into outer darkness, where there was weeping and gnashing of teeth (22:1-13). Shortly thereafter He spoke and taught on the resurrection (22:29-32).
In chapter 23 Yeshua warned the disciples to reject the lavish lifestyle of the religious leaders, then He delivered His eight woes upon these same hypocrites, asking how they expected to escape the damnation (judgment) of hell (23:1-33). Then in the next chapter His disciples asked Him about His return and the end of that age (24:3). He laid out for them in minute detail the coming wars, sorrows and tribulations. He warned them of false prophets (24:11) and of false Christs (24:24). He cautioned them not to lose sight of His return, for He will suddenly and silently come as a thief in the night (24:42-51), even during the lifetime of some of that very generation (24:34).
Then He related for them a parable concerning five virgins who, because they were unprepared for His coming, found themselves shut out of the marriage (25:1-13). Then another parable about three servants who were given talents to steward while the master was away. One of the servants proved himself to be unfaithful, and therefore was cast out into outer darkness, where again there was weeping and gnashing of teeth (25:14-30). And finally, He summed up His teachings by comparing His return to a shepherd who was separating sheep from the goats, the righteous sheep inheriting the kingdom prepared for them, but the goats being delivered unto everlasting fire (25:32-41).
Note that throughout this long discourse, that there is no hint or suggestion that anyone is going to be delivered unto the Devil to be tortured for eternity. That is an assumption which cuts across all of the rest of scripture. That is making GOD into some sort of monster. The only two ways open to mankind are eternal life or eternal destruction, not eternal agony.
The phrase which Yeshua more than once used, about there being weeping and gnashing of teeth for some, refers to certain individuals who upon finding out that they have wasted away their entire life on trivial and foolish pursuits, weep and gnash with their teeth for sorrow and anger. When they awake to the final judgment and realize that all that awaits them is eternal death, some become horrified with sadness, while others become angry at what they consider an unfair sentence.
Yeshua spoke of everlasting fire and everlasting punishment, not of everlasting agony. In the context of all that has gone before, Yeshua told them that some were destined for eternal destruction. He is certainly not referring to sinners, for He has already stated that publicans and harlots will enter the kingdom of GOD ahead of many of the religious leaders.
Those bound for destruction are obviously those religious leaders who had greedily misled and misdirected the people in an attempt to steal the vineyard from its rightful owner. Destruction was also for the guest who failed to put on the wedding garment (righteousness, ISAIAH 61:10). It was reserved for the false prophets and the false Christs. Eternal destruction was for the five virgins who were unprepared when He returned. It was for that wicked and slothful servant who hid his talents in the earth. These are the ones who He had been lambasting time and again during His last and final days in Jerusalem.
There is no suggestion here that GOD desires everlasting pain or misery for any individual. The fires are everlasting not because GOD seeks to inflict upon anyone endless torture, but rather they are endless because they will forever be needed to destroy and consume certain false prophets, teachers and hypocritical religious leaders which arise in coming ages. The reason that this punishment is everlasting, is simply because it is permanent. The righteous enter eternal life while these unrighteous enter eternal death. This eternal death is their eternal punishment.
In John's same vision of this scene of the destruction of Jerusalem and the return of Christ, he sees a number of angels preaching and declaring certain messages from GOD. The second angel announced that Babylon (Jerusalem) had fallen because she made all nations drink of the wine of the wrath of her fornication" (REVELATION 14:8), which no doubt has reference to the idolatrous errors of her religion. Then the third angel announced the following concerning those who worshipped the beast;
- REVELATION 14:10 The same shall drink of the wine of the wrath of God, which is poured out without mixture into the cup of his indignation; and he shall be tormented [basanizo, distressed or tested] with fire and brimstone in the presence of the holy angels, and in the presence of the Lamb.
Tormented is probably not the best translation here for the Greek word basanizo. The same word is used in Mark's Gospel when the disciples were struggling to control their boat in a fierce storm on the sea of Galilee.
- MARK 6:48 And he saw them toiling [basanizo] in rowing; for the wind was contrary unto them....
Thayer's Greek English Lexicon defines basanizo as "1. to test (metals) by the touch stone." E.W. Bullinger in his Lexicon defines it as: examination, as by a touchstone; scrutiny, either by words or torture; hence, torture, torment.
Nothing is said here in REVELATION about this torment or examination being endless or in hell, only that the smoke of their torment ascends up forever (14:11). All that is probably meant is that the memory of their torment endures forever, not the torment itself.
Otherwise, a hundred million years later they would still be no closer to the end of their suffering than when they had begun. It is impossible to fathom. And what great evil are we to suppose that these poor wretched souls committed to justify an endless torture? They worshipped the beast (most probably the Emperor) and received his mark upon their forehead or hand.
Concerning the incident where Yeshua taught about the rich man and Lazarus, where the rich man said after death that he was tormented in a flame, see the recent Study, Things Worse Than Death, pages 6-7 where we have touched upon some important features of this parable.
To the surprise of some Christians, the Bible never describes or refers to hell as we commonly think of it. There is no mystical place in the underworld where the devil is torturing men and women with fire and brimstone. In the Jewish scriptures (the Old Testament), the word hell is translated from the Hebrew word sheol. In the King James Version, this sheol is translated 31 times as grave, 31 times as hell and three times as pit. Sheol literally means "realm of the dead" and is more of a state or status than it is a place. The first occurrence is in GENESIS.
- GENESIS 37:35 And all his [Jacob's] sons and all his daughters rose up to comfort him; but he refused to be comforted; and he said, For I will go down into the grave [sheol] unto my son mourning. Thus his father wept for him.
Thinking that his son Joseph was dead, Jacob expected to mourn the rest of his life until he too would die and go to sheol, the realm of the dead.
In the King James Version of the Christian scriptures (the New Testament), the word hell is translated 23 times from three different Greek words; hades 10 times, geenna 12 times and tartaroo once. The Greek word hades (like the Hebrew word sheol) also represented this realm of the dead. Gehenna is the Greek form of the Hebrew word that means "the vale of Hinnom" which was a valley just south of Jerusalem.
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- In the time of Jesus the Valley of Hinnom was used as the garbage dump of Jerusalem. Into it were thrown all the filth and garbage of the city, including the dead bodies of animals and executed criminals. To consume all this, fires burned constantly. Maggots worked in the filth. When the wind blew from that direction over the city, its awfulness was quite evident....
- Jesus used this disgusting scene as a symbol of hell. In effect he said, "Do you want to know what hell is like? Look at the valley of Gehenna." So hell may be described as God's "cosmic garbage dump." All that is unfit for heaven will be thrown into it. (Nelson's Illustrated Bible Dictionary)
The word tartaroo was to the Romans what geenna was to the Jews and reflected a place of judgment. To see all of the occurrences in the Bible for each of these words, go here.
Scripture foretells that Yeshua was going to save His people from their sins (MATTHEW 1:21) and that repentance and remission of sins was to be preached in his name among all nations (LUKE 24:47). John the Baptist announced that Yeshua was to take away the sin of the world (JOHN 1:29). Yeshua Himself declared that it was His ministry to preach deliverance to the captives and set at liberty them that are bruised (LUKE 4:18).
The apostle Paul wrote that Yeshua's righteousness leads to acquittal and life for all men (ROMANS 5:18); that all true believers in Israel shall be saved (ROMANS 11:26) and that it is GOD's will that all men be saved (1 TIMOTHY 2:4). Peter wrote that the LORD is not willing that any should perish (2 PETER 3:9). John wrote that GOD's Son is the propitiation for the sins of the whole world (1 JOHN 2:2). How then can such a GOD as this, establish and preserve a place of endless torment?
And further, concerning the work of HIS Son, how much of it was actually accomplished? He that was sent to save the world from its sins, how many have thus been saved? I would venture to guess, very very few. If therefore, the vast majority of mankind is burning endlessly somewhere in hell, how can Yeshua's life and ministry demonstrate the "manifold wisdom of GOD"? If we measure His success only by what we see here in this current life, He was a miserable failure.
His true victory, His great accomplishment was only to be realized and fully understood within the RESURRECTION. The RESURRECTION is the essence, the heart and soul of His gospel. Apart from the RESURRECTION His teaching makes little sense, but with the RESURRECTION all opens up and unfolds like a beautiful flower.
All is about the RESURRECTION. The RESURRECTION permeates the Christian scriptures. In the RESURRECTION He is the savior of all mankind. Only in the RESURRECTION is He Lord of lords and King of kings. His kingdom is found only in the RESURRECTION. His country, and city, and temple are in the RESURRECTION. Our rewards and inheritance are received in the RESURRECTION.
How are we able to love our enemy, to love those who despise us, apart from realizing that all will be put right in the RESURRECTION? How can we willingly turn the other cheek unless we first understand that GOD is endeavoring to awaken ourselves as well as our offender to the true purpose of life, the RESURRECTION? How easy it is to seek the kingdom of GOD first, once we realize all that awaits us after our RESURRECTION?
What's going on under the ground? Do you know? Don't you wonder? It's the RESURRECTION!
- PHILIPPIANS 2:10 That at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, of things in heaven, and things in earth, and things under the earth.....
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